How State and Federal Law Affects Public Education in Every State

Daily headlines suggest that state and federal governments are supposed to be in constant conflict over public education policy. But in reality, they are counterparts in and subject to a multifaceted system of laws that empowers them with critical (and sometimes overlapping) responsibilities. Therefore, individuals trying to navigate shifting policies, secure funding, and advance meaningful reform must understand how these two levels of government interact. An experienced government consulting service can help them do so.

Public education policy is always at the forefront in Mid-Atlantic legislatures; each session brings new proposals, funding debates, and regulatory shifts to this space. Compass Government Relations helps you stay ahead of these changes and debates by bridging the gap between lawmakers and education stakeholders. Our team of lobbyists brings deep expertise and strong relationships to the table, enabling us to advocate for your needs effectively. To learn more about our lobbying services or speak with our team, call (443) 343-7143 today.

Below, we explore the impact of state and federal legislators on public education: 

The Federal Government’s Role in Public Education

While the 10th Amendment primarily deems public education a state responsibility, the federal government may still set national schooling priorities, enforce students’ and teachers’ civil rights, and provide state-level funding. Its influence is most evident in the following areas:

Major Federal Laws and Policies

• Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA): Establishes federal funding mechanisms and accountability requirements for K–12 schools.
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Guarantees students with disabilities the right to a free and appropriate public education.
• Title IX: Prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school receiving federal funding.
• Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA): Updates ESEA and allows more state flexibility while maintaining federal accountability standards.

Federal Funding and Compliance

To receive federal education funding, states and districts must meet specific requirements, such as standardized testing baselines, data reporting requirements, and civil rights protections. These conditions give the federal government considerable leverage in shaping education policy nationwide.

State Governments in Public Education

Whereas the federal government sets broad public education guidelines, each state government focuses on operating and overseeing its public education facilities. Each state’s constitution mandates the provision of a public school system, and states retain control over how public education is funded, regulated, and delivered. Key areas of authority include:

• State Boards and Departments of Education: These bodies set curriculum standards, issue teacher certifications, establish graduation requirements, and monitor school performance. They also implement federal mandates within the context of state-specific education policies.
• Funding Mechanisms: States finance public education through a mix of property taxes, state income and sales taxes, lottery revenues, and other funding streams. 

This hybrid model, which nonetheless prioritizes states’ influence in education policy, has created a decentralized public education system, where the quality and character of schooling varies between states (and even districts!).

How Government Relations Firms Help You Navigate Education Policy

1. Interpreting a Complex Policy Landscape: Government relations firms help your education-focused organizations track emerging legislation, interpret regulatory changes, and assess potential impacts on their members or constituents.
2. Strategic Advocacy and Relationship Building: Whether advocating for increased funding, defending local control, or influencing curriculum decisions, government relations professionals can connect your campaign with policymakers, provide guidance on testimony and outreach, and craft persuasive messaging aligned with legislative priorities.
3. Coalition Development and Grassroots Mobilization: Virginia and Maryland education policy decisions often involve numerous stakeholders. A government relations team can help your organization form strategic partnerships with other advocacy groups, engage grassroots supporters, and build unified campaigns to strengthen your voice on key issues.

Engage with Public Education Policy Through Compass’ Government Consulting Services

Compass’ government consulting services can help your organization monitor pending legislation, respond to proposed education regulations, or influence Mid-Atlantic state or federal policy. From briefing legislators to coordinating advocacy days, we provide the expertise and access needed to shape decisions and amplify your mission. Call (443) 343-7143 to speak with our government relations team and learn how we can help.